Friday, September 30, 2016

{Awareness} Reality Behind CNG / UPS / HYBRID Labels on Batteries in Pakistan

 

http://www.pakwheels.com/blog/reality-behind-cng-ups-hybrid-labels-batteries-pakistan/


Reality Behind CNG / UPS / HYBRID Labels on Batteries in Pakistan

by Samiullah Sharief - 709 views

·         Opinions

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Many batteries in Pakistan come with labels like UPS, CNG, and HYBRID placed on them. Most of us wonder what these labels mean. Plates, cells, and acid are the components that make up a battery. Batteries come with different capacities, measured in amperes. The amperes are the main thing buyers should look out for. Amperes indicate the amperage delivered by the battery over a number of hours when it is fully charged. This means that if you have got a 45 amp hours battery, it will deliver 1 ampere for 45 hours, 2 amperes for 22.5 hours and so on.

 

AGS and Exide batteries often have UPS, CNG and Hybrid labels on them; for instance many AGS batteries come with "CNG 60" written on them. These labels do not mean that the car battery is designed for CNG engines or for UPS use. Such labels are just marketing tactics used by battery manufacturers. The most important things to look out for is the amperes written on the battery, the volts and number of plates. The Cranking amperes (CA), Cold cranking amperes (CCA) and hot cranking amperes (HCA) are other important factors one should know about, before purchasing a battery.

 

The rating on a car battery is defined by the current it can deliver at certain temperatures, for a period of 30 seconds, while maintaining 1.2 volts per cell, which means 7.2 volts for a 12 volt battery. The amount of current that a battery can deliver at 0 °C is referred to as cranking amperes (CA). Cold cranking (CCA) is the current that a battery delivers at −18 °C. Hot cranking amperes (HCA) is the amount of current that a battery can deliver at 26.7 °C.

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Samiullah Sharief

Samiullah Sharief is a car enthusiat. He is passionate about writing blogs and reviews about cars. His hobbies are driving,watching TV Shows like Top Gear, Mega Factories and he follows Popular car magazines. Samiullah holds a degree in Software Engineering.

 

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Thursday, September 29, 2016

{Awareness} Should school administrators be allowed to harass students over non-payment of fees?

 


http://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/40351/should-school-administrations-be-allowed-to-harass-students-over-non-payment-of-school-fee/

Should school administrators be allowed to harass students over non-payment of fees?

Published: September 14, 2016

Are these children the ones who earn for their own education or who decide for themselves which school to attend? No. PHOTO: PAKMED

While winding up the lesson, the teacher turned towards the clock to check the time – there were 20 minutes remaining. Opting for a pop quiz, he asked everyone to take out a rough sheet of paper. One of the students eagerly did so – for history was her favourite subject – but as she scribbled the answer 'Treaty of Versailles' to the question asked by the teacher, she saw terror approaching from the corner of her eyes.

She heard the dreaded words,

"Please step outside and bring your diary along."

And quietly moved toward the door while all the students stared at her and some whispered amongst themselves,

"She hasn't paid the fee again."

This is how such incidents usually pan out.

Harassing children over non-payment of fee appears to be a policy most private school religiously adhere to. This harassment includes, calling out the fee defaulters in the midst of a lesson, announcing the names of children during the school assembly and sticking warning notes in diaries. The school's administration, in some cases, doesn't even permit students to attend lunch-time. These children are often made to spend the whole day waiting outside the principal's office or are plucked out from the classes at any time of the day. Some of the harsher punishments include, detaining the results or admit cards and not allowing students to take the examination.

However, in most cases, the whole scenario purposefully takes place in front of other students, who at times, happen to study with their 'defaulter' associates. But before jumping to the conclusion that parents should be more 'responsible,' it's high time that we focus on the plight of students.

In cases when names are called out in the morning assembly, which marks the beginning of a day, these children are reduced to being 'defaulters' and friends and class mates find out that they have not paid their fee, their teachers find out and the administration apparently knows already. Everyone in that space is privy to the unneeded information that these children are either financially unstable or their parents are either negligent or cannot afford the education of their child.

Events such as these trigger a sense of humiliation, guilt, anger, fear and self-suspicion within the effected – they end up developing severe self-esteem issues. Such brutal behaviour has severe consequences. They shy away from their class mates and their tiny hearts begin to thud faster as soon as the secretary enters with a list. They themselves are aware of the fact that their fee has not been paid and it's mid of the month, but what can they do?

Have you ever asked a parent why they send their child/children to school? Or why they send their child/children to a particular school? The answer will be the same – "we want our children to avail the best education."

But under such hostile circumstances, are children really acquiring the best education?

I don't think so.

Are these children the ones who earn for their own education or who decide for themselves which school to attend? No. It is apparent these children are dependent upon their parents for the payment of their school fee.

Given this natural hierarchy, the children are no one to consult to in this matter. Here it becomes even more important to ask; should children be subjected to this treatment at school? Are they the individuals to consult to in this specific affair? What position does this treatment put the children in?

In the process, these children end up paying an amount heftier than their fee for the non-payment of it.

While many of us would contend that parents are in agreement with the school to pay the amount on time or schools are 'business enterprises,' we are trivialising the problem. Education is the right of every citizen which is to be provided by the state. But our state fails to do so, instead, it expands on commercialisation. No measures are being taken for the betterment of already existing public schools. Rather these schools are being handed over to private sectors for generating profit.

What kind of education are our children receiving?

Children are sent to private English-medium institutions because they apparently provide 'quality' education.

While teaching, I happened to ask my students (those appearing for the Board exams) the definition of a noun. I was surprised when they answered,

"Noun is an action word."

I was left speechless. When I asked students of grade five to solve a five-digit addition sum, except for a few, the whole class was clueless.

Students belonging to the Cambridge system (a system which is lauded for producing students who can fluently converse in English) go to language institutes, pay an exorbitant amount of fee, and try to learn to speak fluently in English. I personally feel the colonial language is one of the biggest complexes prevalent in our society.

Often students belonging to some well-reputed educational institutions in Karachi ­– while referring to a math problem or any other subject issue ­– tell me that their teacher asked them to ask for help from their tuition teacher or parents.

If 'quality' was to be examined – these institutions would fail miserably.

Then what is it that these institutions are good at?

They're just good at perpetuating competition, since that is what gets the market going. They treat children as objects and tools and view them as just another source of money.

Education is one of the most profitable sectors in Pakistan. But our public education sector is deplorable, which forces parents to turn towards private institutions, which they may not be able to afford. This in turn can lead to a delay in payment of fees.

After all, privilege tends to flow upward, rather than downward, in our society.

Laila Raza

Laila Raza

The author is a socialist feminist repulsed by the hypocrisy, cruelty, and oppression. She is a voracious reader pursuing a Masters degree in English Literature at University of Karachi. She tweets as @lylaraza (twitter.com/LylaRaza)

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Wednesday, September 28, 2016

{Awareness} LNH- Skills Development Courses for September 2016 at Research & Skills Development Centre (RSDC), LNH

 


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Tuesday, September 27, 2016

{Awareness} Pakistan ranks 149/188 on SDG index

 


 

http://tribune.com.pk/story/1187252/pakistan-ranks-149188-sdg-index/

 

Pakistan ranks 149/188 on SDG index

 

Hepatitis B, childhood obesity, violence and alcohol consumption on the rise. PHOTO: REUTERS

KARACHI: The first global assessment of the United Nations' health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 188 countries, 'The Global Burden of Disease Study', ranked Pakistan at 149.

Launched recently at a special event at the UN general assembly and published in The Lancet, the analysis assesses countries by creating an overall index score on a scale of zero to 100. Pakistan shares the score of 38 with Bangladesh and Mauritania — six places behind India and way behind Iran.

Ways to progress: Workshop calls for implementation of development goals

"These analyses are critically important for Pakistan, where limited data make the transition from Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) to the SDGs even more challenging," said Aga Khan University's centre of excellence in women and child health founding director and co-author of the study, Professor Zulfiqar Bhutta, adding that the data will allow Pakistan to set a baseline based on recent performance and set a trajectory for achieving the health-related SDGs.

The analysis shows that expanded health coverage, greater access to family planning, and fewer deaths of newborns and children under the age of five, are among the several health improvements contributing to the progress toward achieving the SDGs. However, hepatitis B, childhood obesity, violence and alcohol consumption have worsened.

Countries were divided into five categories, based on a combination of education, fertility and income per capita. This new categorisation went beyond the historical 'developed' vs 'developing' or economic divisions, based solely on income.

The researchers noted that the gains need to be sustained, and in many cases accelerated, to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The findings also highlighted the importance of income, education and birth rates as drivers of health improvement and that investments in those areas alone is insufficient.

"We know that international targets can motivate countries and donors," said University of Washington's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) director Dr Christopher JL Murray, who led the study, adding that the International Global Burden of Disease collaboration is committed to providing an independent assessment of progress toward the SDGs.

SDGs need decentralised approach

The proportion of countries that have accomplished individual targets varies greatly. For example, more than 60% of the 188 countries studied showed maternal mortality rates below 70 deaths per 100,000 live births, effectively hitting the SDG target. In contrast, no nation has reached the objective to end childhood obesity or to fully eliminate infectious diseases.

As part of its activities to support SDGs, AKU has pledged to invest more than $85 million over the next decade in support of the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health, that is designed to help achieve the third SDG, which requires countries to ensure the good health and well-being for people of all ages.

Published in The Express Tribune, September 24th, 2016.


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{Awareness} How the government fails the nation’s nurse

 

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http://www.dawn.com/news/1285737

How the government fails the nation's nurse

SHERSHAH SYED — PUBLISHED 2 DAYS AGO


Photos by White Star

As harsh as it may sound it is a fact that a large number of nurses in Pakistan are, by and large, neither skilled nor trained. Only a small number of nursing students receive proper education and structured training in their schools and training hospitals. Very few of the 162 nursing schools in Pakistan have a properly trained faculty to teach theory in classes, or clinical teachers to train nursing students in the outpatient department (OPD), and wards and other important areas of the hospital.

A majority of nursing schools are facing shortage of human resources because of unavailability of funds and lack of interest by authorities at the federal and provincial levels. Many nursing schools are established in rented buildings and are not attached to any hospital and students are awarded a diploma in nursing after completing their so-called 'course work'. The nurses also often face sexual harassment and are exploited by doctors, male paramedics, hospital administrators and owners, patients and their attendants. It is sad that in majority of the cases it is the nurses who are blamed for the acts of omissions and commission by others in the system.

In 1935, before Partition, a training programme for nurses was started at Civil Hospital Karachi, which was followed by similar programmes at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and Mayo Hospital Lahore. The Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC) was established in 1948 and the Nursing Council Act was passed in 1952, which was amended in 1973 after East Pakistan became Bangladesh and the four provinces of West Pakistan were restored.

The PNC was supposed to be an autonomous and independent body regulating nursing education and training in Pakistan by helping provincial nursing examination boards and the armed forces nursing services. Because of lack of interest shown by different federal and provincial governments amid powerful interest groups, the PNC has not been able to function independently. In spite of this, the PNC is trying to do its best to improve the state of nursing and midwifery in the country. But it is very difficult for an organisation to work as per its mandate without the support of government and other key stakeholders.

An interesting phenomenon that can be seen in Pakistan is that doctors have also served as members of national and provincial assemblies — of which some became ministers, while some held higher offices such as that of speaker, chief minister and governor. In electronic media — which is arguably as powerful as politics — we have doctors working as anchors and hosts on national television.

Despite this, it can be as said that neither the legislators nor public opinion-makers have contributed anything substantive for the betterment of medical education and training in Pakistan. In fact, the National Assembly and the Senate passed the 18th Amendment Bill in haste and without necessary deliberations. This resulted in making the federal level institutions such as the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council and the Pakistan Nursing Council ineffective. They did not understand that without adequate proper planning capacity at the provincial level it is not possible to design and deliver quality healthcare for the poor people of Pakistan.


Nurses are the backbone of a healthcare system. But in Pakistan, they are poorly trained, underpaid and not valued as professionals


According to the latest official statistics there are 40,879 nurses and 12,488 doctors in Sri Lanka; 154,309 nurses and 66,880 doctors in Iran; while in the USA there are 3.3 million nurses and 730,811 doctors. But in Pakistan it is the other way around: 94,766 nurses and 184,711 doctors. And the irony, as mentioned earlier, is that the majority of these nurses are not well-trained which renders our healthcare system weak. This doctor-nurse ratio also shows how serious our policymakers are about the health of the nation. Our parliament hardly knows about these alarming statistics and the anchors on various TV channels do not even understand the significance of this shortfall. 

The Pakistan Medical Association has been demanding that we need an army of paramedics including general nurses, midwives and specialised nurses to run our basic heath units, rural health centres, taluka and district general hospitals to provide primary healthcare to all citizens. A country cannot provide healthcare to its people without competent healthcare workers, of which skilled nurses play an integral role.

In countries like China, Iran and Indonesia, a dedicated cadre of community nurses help in providing preventive medicine to eradicate polio, malaria and waterborne diseases. It is so depressing to see that the chief minister of the biggest province of the country with unlimited resources has to sit with health officials every year to announce his war against dengue fever. I wish he had invested that amount to strengthen the nursing profession in his province, which would have helped in the long term.

It is a very sad situation that in the last 70 years of our independence we failed to produce a single nursing textbook in Urdu and regional languages. A majority of students in our nursing schools are using the notes of their seniors in Urdu in the absence of a proper textbook. It is not possible for many students to read and understand nursing textbooks in English. When I was taking a class of first year students in a nursing school a few years ago in Karachi almost every student told me that they had cleared their matriculation examination by naqal and not by aqal.

With this kind of education system, it is very difficult to train nurses properly. To overcome this basic education gap, we have designed a special three-month extensive course where Urdu, English, geography, history, basic mathematics and conservation of environment is taught. It has been observed that a majority of young students are very keen to learn if an enabling environment is provided to them.

The majority of public nursing schools in the country are victims of negligence, chronic shortage of resources and competent faculty.

The nursing profession in Pakistan is very unattractive for anyone to adopt as a career. There is no career structure for them, and they are nominally paid. There is no organised system to impart training in nursing and midwifery schools all over the country. There is no performance audit system to identify areas of improvement. Despite the efforts of the PNC, Pakistan Nursing Federation and the Pakistan Midwifery Association, health planners in the country are not ready to develop this profession as should be done in the interest of patients and the poor.


There are 40,879 nurses and 12,488 doctors in Sri Lanka; 154,309 nurses and 66,880 doctors in Iran; while in the USA there are 3.3 million nurses and 730,811 doctors. But in Pakistan it is the other way around: 94,766 nurses and 184,711 doctors.

Many missionary hospitals like Christian Missionary Hospital in Sialkot, Mission Hospital in Quetta, the Seventh Day Adventist and Holy Family hospitals in Karachi are providing good education and training. The same is true for the excellent training programmes offered at the Aga Khan University Hospital (akuh) and Armed Forces Nursing Schools. All of them have developed systems and procedures to select good students, and they have well-paid and qualified faculty members with post-graduation education and training in nursing and teaching. The nursing students are provided quality training and, on their graduation, they are offered well-paid jobs in their network.

In the military, nurses serve with honour and dignity and have the opportunity to strive to reach to the highest possible ranks. A majority of the skilled nurses trained in missionary and private hospitals like the AKUH leave the country to work abroad as it is very easy for a competent nurse to get a well-paid job overseas.

Our health planners in the federal and provincial governments should understand that healthcare is not about production of thousands of glorified doctors — healthcare cannot be provided in buildings without sheets on hospital beds, and basic facilities like water, toilets and basic instruments. It is definitely not possible just by buying very expensive equipment like CT scanners, MRI machines and robotic surgical system.

It is also impossible to provide healthcare to the masses by announcing million-dollar projects in different parts of the country and forgetting about it when the helicopter leaves town. An efficient healthcare system can only exist when nurses are well-trained, well-paid, and work with passion and humility. It is only possible when the nurses are valued as professionals and made partners in taking care of patients in hospitals and community. It is time that plans are made for their continuous medical education and development of different specialties of nursing.

We need a powerful, autonomous and independent PNC with resources to rectify the problems in nursing education and training system in Pakistan. We need a task force to translate resource material for nursing education in Urdu and other national languages like it has been done in Iran, Indonesia and Turkey. We should establish a respectable carrier structure for nurses and empower them to provide primary and basic healthcare to people of Pakistan. We should have a system of audit and accountability to monitor nursing education and training. We should also have a strong professional body to protect nurses and fight for their rights with the help of civil society.

If we are really interested in helping the masses and looking after their health, then we must set our priorities. A healthcare system can be functional without doctors but it cannot deliver without nurses.

The writer is the ex-secretary general of the Pakistan Medical Association

Published in Dawn, Sunday Magazine September 25th, 2016

 

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