भारत की भाषाओं के विकास की दशा

                           भारत की भाषाओं के विकास की दशा

From: Surendra Gambhir  - surengambhir@gmail.com;

भारत की भाषाओं के विकास की दशा और दिशा निश्चित रूप से चिंताजनक है। आज वस्तुस्थिति यह है कि अधिकांश भारतीयों की न अंग्रेज़ी में प्रवीणता है और न अपनी भाषाओं में। इतो नष्टः ततो भ्रष्टः वाली स्थिति है। इस स्थिति के विश्लेषण की आवश्यकता है।

अंग्रेज़ी को आवश्यकता से अधिक महत्व और प्रश्रय देने से भारतीय स्वयं ही अपनी भाषाओं की उपेक्षा कर रहे हैं। पुस्तकें पढ़ने वालों की संख्या अपनी भाषाओं में भी कम है और अंग्रेज़ी में भी कम है। इसलिए पुस्तकें छपती भी कम हैं। यह समाज की बहुमुखी अधोगति है। इस विषय में दूसरे देशों से सीखने लायक बहुत कुछ है। चाहे वह चीन हो, जापान हो, हालैंड हो, जर्मनी हो या फ्रांस हो। नीचे देखिए चीन का लगभग दो वर्ष पुराना समाचार। इतनी स्पष्ट नीतियों का अनुसरण करने वाले चीन देश के राजनीतिक और सांस्कृतिक प्रभुत्व को कौन रोक पाएगा?

डा० सुरेन्द्र गंभीर

फ़िलाडेल्फ़िया

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12050067

21 December 2010 Last updated at 07:55 ET

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China bans English words in media

China's state press and publishing body says the use of foreign words is eroding the purity of Chinese Continue reading the main story Related Stories · Shanghai seeks end to 'Chinglish'

· Deciphering 'Chinglish': Your pictures China has banned newspapers, publishers and website-owners from using foreign words - particularly English ones. China's state press and publishing body said such words were sullying the purity of the Chinese language. It said standardised Chinese should be the norm: the press should avoid foreign abbreviations and acronyms, as well as "Chinglish" - which is a mix of English and Chinese. The order also extends existing warnings that applied to radio and TV. China's General Administration of Press and Publication said that with economic and social development, foreign languages were increasingly being used in all types of publications in China. It said such use had "seriously damaged" the purity of the Chinese language and resulted in "adverse social impacts" on the cultural environment, reported the People's Daily newspaper. If words must be written in a foreign language, an explanation in Chinese is required, the state body said. Here is a selection of examples of Chinglish which were sent by BBC News website readers:

Chinglish is a lot more present in Cantonese than in Mandarin, such as "BB" for baby. In Mandarin, I think the most common English word is "email," followed by brand names like Google and Windows. "Hello" seems to be gaining on the native forms of address, and "bye bye" or "bai bai" is ubiquitous. I've noticed here in Shenzhen almost everyone has a self-chosen English name, and they refer to each other by these names. So if Billy Cheng and Vivian Wong get together, they call each other "Billy" and "Vivian," instead of their Chinese given names.

 

Roscoe Jean-Castle Mathieu, Shenzhen, China

There are words like "offer", like when you get an offer from companies or universities. Although these words do have equivalents in Chinese, younger generation prefer to use English words to communicate their meaning, while for my father's generation, most of them have no idea what "offer" is. So the overuse of English words will make them confused. Another example is NBA. The Chinese equivalent is a really long sentence, so people are most likely to use NBA. Most bilingual Chinese prefer to use English words under some situations.

 

Zhang, Beijing, China

There are plenty of words in English which have made their way into Chinese. One which I hear all the time is "OL", which means "office lady". People also have told me about a word called "ding ke", which stands for DINK, or "double-income, no kids" - referring to married couples without children. Does this sully the purity of the Chinese language? Actually, a little bit. However, Chinese language is so old and with such a rich history behind it that it is questionable to try and block this latest round of change. Many Chinese words have come from other languages, including Hindi, Mongolian, and even Japanese (though very few Chinese people want to admit that).This is simple language evolution, mixed with silly pop culture.

 

JR, Najing, China

To be honest, in Chinese there is nothing you can't do without using English words. But just for the convenience of communication, people are likely to use some English abbreviations instead of the official Chinese expression like CPI, UN, NBA, etc. In today's global environment, English is the lingua franca of the world. It is understandable that Chinese government is so sensitive about the impact on the Chinese own culture. After all, Chinese is the only official language in China. To ban English words in media could also effectively reduce the production of so-called "Chinglish", but it doesn't affect the learning English of Chinese people. For example, earlier in this year, the CCTV-5 Sports Channel has banned broadcasters from saying "NBA" during the NBA games. Because the majority of the next generation of Chinese do not understand what NBA means.

 

Michael Wu, Nantong, China

The English words I cannot do without is "CPI" and I blame it on the price hike. Another one is "kindle", my favourite gadget that helps me get over the great firewall into the real world. The most commonly used Chinglish word is "3q", meaning "thank you".

Diana, China

I've lived in Taiwan and Hong Kong and at least in these two places, there are so many loan words from English that there would simply be some things that you cannot express by using the "pure" Chinese language. We call music fans "fensi" and when we talk about style in the fashion sense, we say the English word. "Ok" is also used regularly as if it was a normal part of the Chinese language.

 

Charlie Tsai, Taipei, Taiwan

There are two most common loan words from English. I wonder how PRC government is going to stop them. Cantonese, people from Hong Kong in particular, say "bye-bye" or the Chinese equivalent which is "worship-worship." And "show" which is pronounced exactly as a Mandarin word which was first used in Taiwan and is now spread ubiquitously in the Chinese mainland PRC. English and Chinese somewhat share some similar meanings.

Tan Zun, Vancouver, Canada

I am a Chinese in ethnicity and came to US as a graduate student in 1947. The word "Hi" is common in American Engish. "Hi" sounds like High in homonym and would elevate the addressed person with high status as a built-in-compliment. Moreover, HI is the short postal code for the State of Hawaii with many Chinese Americans living there. It may be a joke in essence.

 

Xie Shihao, Upper Marlboro, Maryland, USA

English words are widely used in Chinese media. Some abbreviations and acronyms are actually convenient for writing and speaking such as 'GDP, GDP'. But recently, English words are becoming abusive. We create many Chinglish words which I think not good for both Chinese and English.

Liyang, Suzhou, China

I think this is mainly aimed to reduce Chinglish, as Chinglish use is quite popular and fashionable among young people. Words such as "geilivable" are deliberate made-up Chinglish words.

Hao Wu, Xiamen, China

Most of the use of Chinglish is for instant messaging. To avoid typing long words, people will try to use some English word plus modal words, e.g. "no la", "he go home la", "exactly wor", "not my fault wor". Or direct translation style like "People mountain people sea", "Open door see mountain", "one stone two bird".

Lam Chun Sang Johnson, Hong Kong

 

In Bhaarat media people and general public are destroyin hindi by putting lots of garbage in the form of English and urdu words while proper Hindi words are available. See below a sentence which is taken from a newspaper. There are more Urdu and English words rather than Hindi words.

 

 

 

एक नौकरी में युबा स्ताबिलिटी चाहते हैं! ताहौमर उसी के अद्जुस्त्मेंट में लगे रहते हैं. अगर एक ऑफिस में जॉब करने के दोरान उन्हें ओफ्फेर्स मिले तो अपनी वफादारी साबित करते हुए बह उसे इगनोरे कर देते हैं!

Problem is that Hindi media uses words like Taahat, Naakaam, Tahe-dil, Mashakat, Gujaarish, Koshish, Sakoon,  etc. Such words are used so frequently in Hindi, that most of the people think that these are Hindi words but actually these are Urdu words. Bhaaratiya people feel pride in using Urdu and English words in Hindi, but it could be due to ignorance but still SLAVERY IS IN THE BONES OF BHAARATIYA PEOPLE. Whenever occasion arises, Bhaaratiya people show that they are still mentally slave people. In Hindi language English abbreviations are used as it is in nagri script. What to say to understand those abbreviations in Hindi or nagri script, if those abbreviations written in English and not explained, then still it is difficult to understand those abbreviation if not explained at any stage.

It is due to the result of mental slavery that cast of Hindi films is given in English, in fact no where Hindi is written in Hindi films while the norm in the world is a film carries the cast in the language in which it is made. Children born to parents living out of Bhaarat never gets the opportunity to see how nagri script is written. So after one or two generations these will not go to see Hindi films. Thus the film industry will lose a great source of revenue.  Cast of Hindi films must be in Hindi or at least both in English and Hindi.

  We Bhaaratiya people after independence continue to choose British customs, rules, dress, manners, habits, Foods and language, also religion,  over desi ones now that we are independent?

            हमारे देश के समृद्धि और यहाँ मौजूद उच्च तकनीक की वजह ये गुरुकुल ही थे | और अंग्रेजों ने सबसे पहले इस देश की गुरुकुल परंपरा को ही तोडा था, मैं यहाँ लार्ड मेकॉले की एक उक्ति को यहाँ बताना  चाहूँगा जो उसने 2 फ़रवरी 1835 को ब्रिटिश संसद में दिया था, उसने कहा था

""I have traveled across the length and breadth of India and have not seen one person who is a beggar, who is a thief, such wealth I have seen in this country, such high moral values, people of such caliber, that I do not think we would ever conquer this country, unless we break the very backbone of this nation, which is her spiritual and cultural heritage, and, therefore, I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system, her culture, for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own, they will lose their self esteem, their native culture and they will become what we want them, a truly dominated nation" |

National language of Bhaarat

Majority of people agree with the views that any nation cannot neither progress nor get respect amongst the nations of the world without its native as national language. For the progress of the country, people of the country who are uneducated or less educated, villagers also contribute in the progress of the country in their way. If a country does not have its any native language as national language or accepts foreign language as its major or national language, then it cannot progress as then the contribution of villagers, uneducated or less educated is almost negligible. Many religious and political leaders of Bhaarat has recommended that pure Sanskrinist Hindi should be the national language of the Bhaarat as about 70 % people of Bhaarat understand Sanskritnist Hindi. Even south Bhaaratiya people can understand Sanskritnist Hindi quite easily. Due to this fact Swami Dayanand, Mahatma Gandhi, Swami Ramdev and many other people have pleaded that Sanskritnist Hindi be made national language of Bhaarat. It is for this reason that Israel developed its own dead language Hebrew rather accepting English or German as its national language as it was believed that one of the European languages will become the national language of Israel.

At the present, there is no national language of Bhaarat. I would like to know what you people think

1. Whether Bhaarat should have a national language.

2. Which language is the most appropriate language to be the national language of Bhaarat? Please keep in mind that neither English nor any other foreign language could be national language of Bhaarat.

3. If Hindi is to be made national language, then what steps should be taken that Bhaaratiya government declares Hindi as national language.

4. What steps should be taken that south Bhaaratiya people may not oppose Hindi as national language.

5. What steps should be taken that South Indian and Eastern provinces may accept Hindi as national language?

निज भाषा उन्नति अहै, सब उन्नति को मूल ।

बिन निज भाषा-ज्ञान के, मिटत न हिय को सूल ।।

विविध कला शिक्षा अमित, ज्ञान अनेक प्रकार।

सब देसन से लै करहू, भाषा माहि प्रचार ।।

- भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र

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